Spherical Germanium Lenses for LWIR

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In the 2-12 μm range, germanium is the most commonly used material for making optical lenses and optical windows in high-efficiency infrared imaging systems. Due to its wide transmission range and visible light opacity, germanium is well suited for making optical components for infrared lasers and optical systems. Germanium's high refractive index and minimal surface curvature make it an ideal material for making low-power imaging systems. The small chromatic aberration often eliminates the need for calibration. Absorption of germanium increases with temperature. The apparent transmission degradation of germanium materials begins at about 100 °C and accelerates between 200 °C and 300 °C, which can lead to catastrophic failure of the fibre. Due to the high substrate surface reflectivity, germanium elements are AR coated.

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